Evaluasi pemanfaatan data ASPAK untuk perencanaan dan pemeliharaan SPAK di RSUD Haji Makassar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60036/jbm.1439Keywords:
ASPAK, Perencanaan SPAK, Pemeliharaan Alat Kesehatan, Tata Kelola Data, RSUD Haji MakassarAbstract
Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan data Aplikasi Sarana, Prasarana, dan Alat Kesehatan (ASPAK) dalam mendukung perencanaan serta pemeliharaan sarana, prasarana, dan alat kesehatan (SPAK) di RSUD Haji Makassar.
Desain/metodologi/pendekatan – Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan evaluasi yang mengadopsi model evaluasi berorientasi keputusan (decision-oriented evaluation) dari Stufflebeam. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 18 informan (direktur, kepala bagian perencanaan, kepala IPSRS, tenaga elektromedis, pengurus barang pengguna, dan 13 kepala ruangan/unit) serta studi dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui lima tahap: pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian, interpretasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan teknik pengodean (coding) tematik dan verifikasi melalui triangulasi sumber.
Temuan – Data ASPAK telah dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber informasi penting dalam pengambilan keputusan, namun belum berfungsi sepenuhnya sebagai single source of truth. Temuan paling krusial adalah Bagian Perencanaan tidak memiliki akses langsung ke ASPAK dan harus memperoleh data melalui koordinasi dengan IPSRS, yang berdampak pada keterlambatan dan potensi ketidaksesuaian informasi dalam tata kelola data. Pada aspek perencanaan, data digunakan untuk identifikasi kebutuhan, usulan pengadaan, analisis kesenjangan standar, dan pemenuhan akreditasi. Pada aspek pemeliharaan, data kondisi alat, usia teknis, dan status kalibrasi menjadi dasar jadwal pemeliharaan preventif, korektif, kalibrasi, serta penggantian alat melalui pendekatan condition-based maintenance. Terdapat empat faktor penentu optimalisasi: kualitas data, tata kelola data, integrasi sistem informasi, dan kapasitas SDM.
Keterbatasan penelitian – Penelitian hanya dilakukan di satu rumah sakit daerah sehingga generalisasi terbatas. Pendekatan kualitatif belum mengukur hubungan antarvariabel secara kuantitatif, serta belum melibatkan Dinas Kesehatan sebagai validator eksternal. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan mixed methods dengan model evaluasi HOT-Fit, DeLone and McLean, atau TOE Framework.
Implikasi – Secara praktis, hasil menjadi dasar manajemen RSUD Haji Makassar memperkuat tata kelola data ASPAK melalui pembaruan real-time, audit kualitas berkala, pemberian akses terbatas kepada Bagian Perencanaan, integrasi dengan SIMRS dan sistem inventaris aset, serta pengembangan dashboard manajemen. Secara teoritis, memperkaya kajian evaluasi sistem informasi kesehatan di Indonesia terkait implementasi ASPAK sebagai decision support system berbasis Evidence-Based Management.
Kebaruan – Menghasilkan model konseptual baru mengenai hubungan kualitas data, tata kelola data, integrasi sistem informasi, dan kapasitas SDM dalam memengaruhi efektivitas pemanfaatan ASPAK, serta mengangkat temuan kritis mengenai ketiadaan akses langsung Bagian Perencanaan terhadap sistem yang berdampak pada tata kelola data rumah sakit.
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