Faktor keamanan data dan risiko dalam penggunaan dompet digital: Systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60036/jbm.1302Keywords:
Keamanan Data, Risiko Digital, Dompet Digital, Systematic Literature Review, Persepsi AmanAbstract
Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis bukti empiris mengenai faktor keamanan data dan risiko penggunaan dompet digital guna memetakan tren riset terkait faktor dominan keamanan data, risiko siber yang signifikan, serta interaksi persepsi aman bagi keberlanjutan adopsi dompet digital.
Desain/metodologi/pendekatan – Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang berpedoman pada protokol PRISMA 2020. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi 2020–2026, yang kemudian diseleksi secara ketat hingga menghasilkan 19 artikel utama untuk dikaji menggunakan teknik analisis tematik.
Temuan – Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa autentikasi biometrik, two-factor authentication (2FA), dan enkripsi end-to-end merupakan faktor teknis utama yang mampu menurunkan persepsi risiko, meskipun prosedur keamanan yang terlalu ketat dapat mengganggu kenyamanan pengguna. Risiko digital telah berevolusi menjadi ancaman siber lintas batas seperti phishing, pencurian identitas, malware, pengambilalihan akun, hingga celah privasi akibat model opacity pada sistem deteksi penipuan berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Keberlanjutan adopsi dompet digital sangat dibentuk oleh interaksi antara literasi digital pengguna, reputasi platform, serta kejelasan kebijakan perlindungan data.
Keterbatasan penelitian – Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini mencakup ketiadaan quality appraisal formal terhadap metodologi setiap artikel yang dianalisis serta jumlah literatur akhir yang disintesis relatif terbatas (n=19). Selain itu, variasi konteks ekonomi dan regulasi di setiap negara yang diteliti berpotensi memengaruhi hasil penelitian di masing-masing literatur.
Implikasi – Penyedia layanan dompet digital disarankan untuk tidak hanya berfokus pada enkripsi sistem, tetapi juga pada transparansi komunikasi kepada pengguna dan penciptaan keseimbangan antara keamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan (usability). Terdapat pula urgensi bagi regulator untuk menyinkronkan regulasi perlindungan data yang kuat dengan edukasi literasi digital yang disesuaikan berdasarkan profil risiko kelompok pengguna.
Kebaruan – Penelitian ini memberikan sintesis terhadap literatur yang selama ini terfragmentasi antara perspektif adopsi teknologi secara teoretis dengan kajian teknis infrastruktur keamanan siber, serta secara holistik menghubungkan regulasi pelindungan data nasional dengan perilaku keamanan pengguna dompet digital.
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